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353. Infanterie Division
The division was formed 5 November 1943 in Brittany. The dissolved 328. Inf.Div. was used as cadre for the new formation.1
On 1 March 1944 the division had a strength of 14 132 men.2 Few infantry divisions in 1944 could match that figure. One reason for this large strength may have been the field replacement battalion, which had six companies. Another may be that fact that the strength refer to "Kopfstärke", which may include men that were not really part of the division, but the division nevertheless had to provide them with rations.
The structure of the division looked like this on 1 May3:
The infantry battalions had the following equipment4:
I./G.R. 941
56 MG, 12 mortars
II./G.R. 941
56 MG, 12 mortars
I./G.R. 942
54 MG, 12 mortars
II./G.R. 942
50 MG, 12 mortars
I./G.R. 943
51 MG, 12 mortars
II./G.R. 943
51 MG, 12 mortars
The 14. Kp of all the infantry regiments had three 7,5 cm Pak 40 and 36 Panzerschreck. In G.R. 942 and 943 the 13. Kp had two 15 cm sIG and five 7,5 cm le.IG, while the 13./G.R. 941 had two 15 cm sIG and four 7,5 cm le.IG.5
The Füs.Btl. had 63 machine guns and twelve mortars. Like the battalions of 943. Gren.Rgt. it was equipped with bicycles to enhance mobility.
Pz.Jäg.Abt. 353 had fourteen Marder and ten StuG III.6 These vehicles had been sent to the division in February and March.7
Each Artillery battery had four howitzers. Batteries 1 to 9 had 10,5 cm howitzers and batteries 10 - 12 had 15 cm howitzers. All batteries were horse-drawn.8
Soon after D-Day the 353. Inf.Div. was ordered to move to Normandy. The division marched in two groups, a mobile and a slower group. On 16 June the mobile group had reached the area east of St. Lô9 and it was in action the following day10.
The parts of the division that moved at pedestrian pace had reached the Lamballe - Jugon area on 16 June.11 Thus they had not yet passed Avranches. On 22 June the entire division except the field replacement battalion had arrived.12
The Gren.Rgt. 943 (except I. Btl.) and the Füs.Btl. were almost immediately sent to 352. Inf.Div. east of St. Lô.13 They did not returrn until the beginning of August.14 This group was called Kampfgruppe Böhm.
On 29 June the division was deployed as follows: KGr Böhm still with 352. Inf.Div., I./Gren.Rgt. 941 plus elements of the artillery regiment with 91. Inf.Div., II./Gren.Rgt. 942, Pi.Btl. 353 plus elements of the artillery regiment with 243. Inf.Div., the rest of the division, three infantry battalions, one or two artillery battalions and the anti-tank battalion was committed in the Periers area.15
Five days later the I./Gren.Rgt. 941 was with 77. Inf.Div., while II./Gren.Rgt. 942 and I./Art.Rgt. 353 was with 243. Inf.Div. The IV./Art.Rgt. 353 was subordinated to 91. Inf.Div.16
It was reported that the division had a "Kampfstärke" (? trench strength) of 1 250 men on 10 July.17 This did probably not include the elements that were dispatched to other divisions. One day later the infantry battalions sent to 91. and 243. Div. returned to their parent formation.18
During the period 22 - 24 July the division was withdrawn from the frontline and was designated as reserve for the 84. Korps.19 According to the division commanders post war manuscript the I./Art.Rgt. 353 remained with the 91. Inf.Div. and the IV./Art.Rgt. 353 remained with the 243. Inf.Div.30 However, according to a report giving the situation on 21 July II., III., and IV. Abteilungen were subordinated to the division.21 Similarly a report concerning the status of the division on 23 July stated that it had available six light batteries and three heavy.22
The condition of the division on 23 July was reported to be: 1 "durchschnittlich" infantry battalion, 4 "schwach" infantry battalions, two infantry battalions subordinated to II. Fallsch.Korps, thirteen 7,5 cm Pak (includes Marders) operational, eight StuG III operational and three 7,5 cm Pak sent to II. Fallsch.Korps. Three light artillery batteries subordinated to 91. Inf.Div.23
During the last week of July the division was encircled in the La Balaine pocket.24 It broke out of this rather loose pocket. It remained subordinated to 84. Korps until 18 August, when it was transferred to II. Fallsch.Korps.25
During the night between 17 and 18 August the division crossed the Orne River and during the following night it assembled in the Forêt de Goufferns, north of Argentan. Thereafter it broke out of the so-called Falaise pocket.26
According to an estimate by the OKH the division mustered about 5 000 men on 1 September. This would suggest losses of about 7 000 men in Normandy.27